Nepesova B.
FEATURES OF JAPANESE SPEECH CULTURE: AUTHOR NOTES *
Аннотация:
article is devoted to specifics of language culture of Japanese. The special attention is given to the most complicated system of polite speech in Japanese.
Ключевые слова:
Language culture, humbleness, courtesyhonorific forms, polite speech
Speech etiquette is a system of stable communication formulas that are prescribed by society to establish verbal contact between interlocutors in order to maintain communication. This communication occurs in a certain tone and corresponds to their social roles and role positions relative to each other, mutual relations in official and informal settings. Speech etiquette has national specifics, i.e. Every nation has its own system of rules of speech behavior. As for the Japanese, in oral communication they often experience shyness, awkwardness and embarrassment when talking with foreigners.The latter therefore find the Japanese evasive, passive and lacking eloquence. Modesty and restraint are among the most important traits of proper behavior in Japan. In Japanese society, members are expected to show modesty regardless of their social status. Self-confidence is not approved, politeness and consideration towards others are encouraged.The activities of Europeans and Japanese are based on different rules, so their linguistic actions are significantly different. Consequently, when explaining the process of constructing a linguistic expression in the Japanese language, it is absolutely necessary to explain the behavior of the Japanese, their approach to expression and position in relation to reality.It can be assumed that the Japanese language is distinguished by greater logical rigor than other languages, but the point here is different – in the special attitude of the Japanese towards the interlocutor. The Japanese language is characterized by a special structure of utterances, where the interlocutor is the center. Thus, everything is subordinated to the task of maximally matching the answer to the interlocutor’s question, to the task of providing maximum attention, showing courtesy to the interlocutor, and creating a good mood in him.Japanese grammar allows you to construct a statement literally, looking at the facial expression of the interlocutor, monitoring his reaction, because the positive or negative meaning, the modality of the entire statement is conveyed to him by the final word, which in Japanese, with rare exceptions, is always the predicate of the main sentence.The Japanese ideally strive to omit all these connecting links, turning their speech into a half-hint, where the connection is outlined only with a slight touch or is entirely implied. Japanese speech in this regard is akin to Japanese art, which “took upon itself the task of being eloquent in the language of omissions.” We can say that the Japanese language is characterized by vagueness, an analytical, intuitive nature of the expression of thoughts.In verbal communication, when addressing a Japanese person, he expresses his social position: a subordinate position or, conversely, superiority in relation to the interlocutor. This is done using special prefixes, suffixes, and certain words. One lpynna of nouns, pronouns, verbs is used only in relation to the inferior, the other – to the superior, the third – only in relation to equals. For example, previously only the emperor had the right to use the pronoun “I”.As already noted, when communicating in Japanese using polite word forms, the main difficulty is choosing the appropriate level of politeness for a given situation. The speaker must have knowledge about the peculiarities of etiquette relations in Japanese society. Many researchers are trying to present a comprehensive set of factors that must be taken into account when choosing forms of politeness. However, along with the general rules, the individual subjective factor plays a big role. Usually, the one whose position is higher uses either a neutral or polite style in his speech, the interlocutor must use exclusively polite expressions.Thus, a respectful attitude towards older family members is emphasized, which is not expressed in a conversation with a stranger. When talking to a stranger, a Japanese will never praise anyone from his family. This will be tantamount to praising himself, because in his psychology self-identification with the family circle is very strong. It is also common to identify with an organization with which the speaker is associated (usually the company for which he works).Thus, the speech culture of the Japanese is based, first of all, on the relationships between interlocutors, which are dictated by the influence of many factors. This is the Japanese worldview, which was formed under the influence of Confucianism. It is also a belittling of personal opinion and elevation of the interlocutor. The Japanese speech culture is characterized by politeness, in which it is indecent to express one’s opinion. Even in the culture of communication, one can see the collectivism of consciousness characteristic of the Japanese.
Номер журнала Вестник науки №4 (73) том 2
Ссылка для цитирования:
Nepesova B. FEATURES OF JAPANESE SPEECH CULTURE: AUTHOR NOTES // Вестник науки №4 (73) том 2. С. 480 - 482. 2024 г. ISSN 2712-8849 // Электронный ресурс: https://www.вестник-науки.рф/article/13851 (дата обращения: 17.05.2024 г.)
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