Aymammedov Sh., Saryhanov M., Mustayev J.
PLUMS ARE A DIVERSE GROUP OF SPECIES *
Аннотация:
a plum is a fruit of some species in Prunus subg. Prunus. Dried plums are most often called prunes, though in the United States they may be just labeled as dried plums, especially during the 21st century.[1] Plum flowers Plum unripe fruits. Plums may have been one of the first fruits domesticated by humans, with origins in East European and Caucasian mountains and China. They were brought to Britain from Asia, and their cultivation has been documented in Andalusia, southern Spain. Plums are a diverse group of species, with trees reaching a height of 5-6 meters when pruned. The fruit is a drupe, with a firm and juicy flesh
Ключевые слова:
plums, species, nature
Introduction. The largest producer of plums, followed by Romania and Serbia. Japanese or Chinese plums dominate the fresh fruit market, while European plums are also common in some regions. Plums can be eaten fresh, used in jams, or fermented into wine or brandy. Plum kernels contain cyanogenic glycosides, but the oil made from them is not commercially available.In terms of nutrition, raw plums are 87% water, 11% carbohydrates, 1% protein, and less than 1% fat. They are a moderate source of vitamin C but do not contain significant amounts of other micronutrients.Plums may have been one of the first fruits domesticated by humans.[3] Three of the most abundantly cultivated species are not found in the wild, only around human settlements: Prunus domestica has been traced to East European and Caucasian mountains, while Prunus salicina and Prunus simonii originated in China. Plum remains have been found in Neolithic age archaeological sites along with olives, grapes and figs.[4][5] According to Ken Albala, plums originated in Iran.[6] They were brought to Britain from Asia.[7]An article on plum tree cultivation in Andalusia (southern Spain) appears in Ibn al-Awwams 12th-century agricultural work, Book on Agriculture.[8]Plums are a diverse group of species. The commercially important plum trees are medium-sized, usually pruned to 5–6 metres (16–20 ft) height. The tree is of medium hardiness.[12] Without pruning, the trees can reach 12 metres (39 ft) in height and spread across 10 metres (33 ft). They blossom in different months in different parts of the world, for example, in about January in Taiwan and early April in the United Kingdom.[13]Fruits are usually of medium size, between 2–7 centimetres (0.79–2.76 in) in diameter, globose to oval. The flesh is firm and juicy. The fruits peel is smooth, with a natural waxy surface that adheres to the flesh. The plum is a drupe, meaning its fleshy fruit surrounds a single hard fruitstone which encloses the fruits seed.Japanese or Chinese plums are large and juicy with a long shelf life and therefore dominate the fresh fruit market. They are usually clingstone and not suitable for making prunes.[15] They are cultivars of Prunus salicina or its hybrids. The cultivars developed in the US are mostly hybrids of P. salicina with P. simonii and P. cerasifera. Although these cultivars are often called Japanese plums, two of the three parents (P. salicina and P. simonii) originated from China and one (P. cerasifera) from Eurasia.[16]Prune, a dried plum. In some parts of Europe, European plum (Prunus domestica) is also common in fresh fruit market. It has both dessert (eating) or culinary (cooking) cultivars, which include:Damson (purple or black skin, green flesh, clingstone, astringent),Prune plum (usually oval, freestone, sweet, fresh eaten or used to make prunes),Greengage (firm, green flesh and skin even when ripe),Mirabelle (dark yellow, predominantly grown in northeast France),Victoria (yellow flesh with a red or mottled skin),Yellowgage or golden plum (similar to greengage, but yellow).In West Asia, myrobalan plum or cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera) is also widely cultivated. In Russia, apart from these three commonly cultivated species, there are also many cultivars resulting from hybridization between Japanese plum and myrobalan plum, known as Russian plum (Prunus * rossica).[17]When it flowers in the early spring, a plum tree will be covered in blossoms, and in a good year approximately 50% of the flowers will be pollinated and become plums. Flowering starts after 80 growing degree days.
Номер журнала Вестник науки №12 (69) том 2
Ссылка для цитирования:
Aymammedov Sh., Saryhanov M., Mustayev J. PLUMS ARE A DIVERSE GROUP OF SPECIES // Вестник науки №12 (69) том 2. С. 1463 - 1465. 2023 г. ISSN 2712-8849 // Электронный ресурс: https://www.вестник-науки.рф/article/11577 (дата обращения: 15.05.2024 г.)
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