Shubina O.A.
RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE TIME OF TROUBLES *
Аннотация:
this article focuses on the study of the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Time of Troubles. This period was marked not only by events of political and social instability in Russia, but also by significant changes in matters of dogma and religious life of the population. The article also deals with the significance of the activities of monasteries
Ключевые слова:
Orthodox Church, Time of Troubles, Lzhedmitriy I, monasteries
УДК 26
Shubina O.A.
Institute of Social Sciences and Mass Communications
Belgorod State National Research University
(Belgorod, Russia)
RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE TIME OF TROUBLES
Abstract: this article focuses on the study of the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Time of Troubles. This period was marked not only by events of political and social instability in Russia, but also by significant changes in matters of dogma and religious life of the population. The article also deals with the significance of the activities of monasteries.
Key words: Russian Orthodox Church, Time of Troubles, Lzhedmitriy I, monasteries.
In the XVI-XVII centuries, every person in Russia and other Orthodox peoples accepted Orthodoxy as an integral part of their lives, which united them into a single whole. D.V. Pospelovsky emphasizes the importance of the relationship between church and state, which was established in the fourth century by Emperor Constantine and his successors, known as the "Constantinian heritage" [4]. Initially, the government and the church were united, but in the sixth century, under Emperor Justian, everything fell into place when the state took responsibility for power, and the church - for uniting the people in times of crisis, acting as a leader.
Trouble is a time when human life is worth nothing. In the article by A.I. Belkin “The Church in the Time of Troubles” writes: “The clergy cared little about the moral education of the parishioners [1, 36]. It seems that the lack of stable moral norms in the country and their widespread, even almost daily violation (drunkenness, swearing, theft and other vices, including all the glaring shortcomings of the usual culture of life) worried the clergy very little. Of course, the complete subordination of the church to the state could not but play an essential role here. The author emphasizes the peculiarity of the Time of Troubles, which consists in popular relaxation and the strong influence of the reign of Ivan Groznyi, which also left its mark not only in history, but also in the minds of people.
During times of unrest, a series of events take place, so in 1598 Fedor Ioannovich dies, to which the Zemsky Sobor decides to elect a new tsar Boris Godunov. The change of power does not lead to good consequences, diseases, disasters and famine begin in the country. At this time, one of the first impostors appeared in Poland - Lzhedmitriy I, who convinced everyone that he had miraculously been able to escape. In 1604 Lzhedmitriy I decides to enter the Russian borders with an army, many surrender without a fight: Rylsk, Putivl, Kursk, Sevsk, Kromy.
In 1607 Lzhedmitriy II appeared in place of the old impostor. The people who had already encountered this were no longer so blindly ready to follow, but some still became a supporter.
This year, some monasteries were besieged, including the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, and the destruction of ancient icons and monastic chronicles of historical significance. Supporters of Lzhedmitriy II spread throughout the country, attacking residents and committing robberies.
Social, economic and spiritual devastation leads to actions on the part of the church, which is trying to call the people to protection. At this time, the actions did not have a significant effect, since the consciousness of each person at that time was not ready to adapt to the new realities.
Monasteries during the Time of Troubles (1598-1613) were of great importance for Russia: they became a source of moral and material support for the population. The monks were engaged in charity and helped people in need, assisted in the treatment and nutrition. Hospitals and shelters for the poor and sick were established in the monasteries. Many monasteries became centers of culture and education, where officials and people of education studied.
For five years the Kirillov Monastery repelled the attacks of its enemies. Spaso-Prilutsky donated his entire treasury to the needs of the Fatherland. The rector of the Solovetsky monastery wrote an angry letter to the Swedish king, offering his son Philip to the throne of Moscow, and sent a large sum of money.
Monasteries during the Time of Troubles were not only spiritual centers, but also important social institutions that helped preserve and develop Russia, despite the difficulties and suffering. Monasteries played an important role in the preservation of national culture and history. During the Time of Troubles they stood up for protection and helped the people with material benefits.
The role of the church played an important role at all times, especially during the Time of Troubles. It was difficult for the people to cope with the events that took place in history. In place of some impostors, others came, and instead of those who were overthrown, people appeared who wanted only power, but not caring for ordinary people. The Church agitated everyone to rise up and fight, not to surrender their homeland, for which this thought was born in the minds of everyone, albeit not immediately.
REFERENCES:
Номер журнала Вестник науки №6 (63) том 3
Ссылка для цитирования:
Shubina O.A. RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE TIME OF TROUBLES // Вестник науки №6 (63) том 3. С. 614 - 616. 2023 г. ISSN 2712-8849 // Электронный ресурс: https://www.вестник-науки.рф/article/9042 (дата обращения: 19.05.2024 г.)
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