Tajiyev Ay.Yu., Yuldashov B.S., Rasulova Ay.
TECHNOLOGY OF GROWING POTATOES IN THE CONDITIONS OF TURKMENISTAN *
Аннотация:
the development of the agricultural and industry in the 15 th and 16 th centuries required a large amount of potato as raw material. As a result, more and more people are engaged in potato selection and sorting . Many varieties are working to improve the quality yield of potato. Therefore, at present, scientific research works on the creation of local varieties of potato varieties brought from abroad are being conducted in the scientific research institutes of Turkmenistan
Ключевые слова:
Potatoes, atmospheric air, cars, soil analysis, control analysis
УДК 631
Tajiyev Ay.Yu.
lecturer
Turkmen Agriculture Institute
(Dashoguz, Turkmenistan)
Yuldashov B.S.
senior lecturer
Engineering and Technology University Named after Oguz Khan
(Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Rasulova Ay.
student
Turkmen Agriculture University Named after S.A Niyazov
(Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
TECHNOLOGY OF GROWING POTATOES
IN THE CONDITIONS OF TURKMENISTAN
Abstract: the development of the agricultural and industry in the 15 th and 16 th centuries required a large amount of potato as raw material. As a result, more and more people are engaged in potato selection and sorting . Many varieties are working to improve the quality yield of potato. Therefore, at present, scientific research works on the creation of local varieties of potato varieties brought from abroad are being conducted in the scientific research institutes of Turkmenistan.
Keywords: Potatoes, atmospheric air, cars, soil analysis, control analysis.
Introduction.
Potato is one of the most important crops for mankind among modern agricultural crops. It is considered to be the most strategic crop in Turkmenistan, on a par with food crops such as rice, wheat, and corn. Potato tubers contain 75 percent water and 25 percent dry matter [ 1 ].
To get an early ripening potato crop, it should be planted in an open, shaded area. When sufficiently fertilized, it produces high-quality, tasty potatoes even in light sandy soils.
Newly opened tarps are very suitable for potatoes. There is evidence that high yields can be obtained even without fertilizing when well cared for. Soils that are heavily compacted with heavy clay are unfavorable for potatoes. In such places, potatoes cannot grow freely, and because of their extreme resistance, the plants become diseased. Potato is a plant that grows well in medium light conditions [ 3 ].
Figure 1. Potato plants.
The growth of the potato plant is weaker below the temperature (+7-8 degrees) and slows down when the temperature is higher than (+25 degrees). Potatoes are hit by cold in frost lasting 5-6 hours (-1.5-2 degrees). Young plants are more intolerant to cold. As the temperature gradually decreases, sugar accumulates in the plants and they (-2-3 degree) is resistant to frost, sometimes even (-4 degree) frost [ 1 ].
Potatoes planted in the field (+3-5 level) begin to grow, but they grow very slowly and weakly, they do not form roots. Age +3 below the level and above the +31 level stops the development of potato seedlings. Potato roots start to form (+7 level). Potatoes grow well at +7-8 degrees. But 18-20 level is more suitable for tire [ 2 ]. For the good formation of potatoes, the soil temperature should be +16-19 degrees, and the air temperature should be +21-25 degrees. In long-term hot weather above +30 degrees, the digestive activity of potato leaves is interrupted. This prevents the potato from growing. It causes their shell to remain.
Potato is a highly demanding crop. Its water requirement varies with growth periods. The most important time to water is the flowering period. During this period, rot in the soil its deficiency leads to a severe reduction in yield [ 1 ]. A slight delay in the budding period results in a +17-23 percent reduction in yield. Optimum soil moisture for good potato growth and high yield of potatoes is 70-80 percent at the time of root spread, flowering and potato formation, and 60-65 percent at the time of potato starch accumulation [ 4 ].
When soil fertility decreases to 60 percent, the yield decreases by 3-9 percent, and when it decreases to 40 percent, it decreases by 40-43 percent. The flowering period is delayed by 4-6 days when soil moisture is 40 percent, and 9-10 days at 20-30 percent [ 2;3 ].
Potato is a light-loving plant, and a very small decrease in light leads to yellowing of its leaves, lengthening of its stems, weakening or complete cessation of flowering, and a decrease in yield [2 ; 4 ].
Excessive growth of plants, as well as excessive sparseness, does not increase the yield. The direction of the rows has a great effect on the yield ( Table 1 ). If the rows are arranged from south to north, it gives good results.
Table 1. Planting rate of potato tubers per hectare (in quintals)
|
etc |
Planting Dryness |
Number of clubs planted on ships |
Planted club weight (in grams) |
|||||
|
|
Row spacing |
Spacing of vessels |
10 |
20 |
25 |
50 |
75 |
|
|
1. |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
|
2. |
60 |
60 |
1 |
2.8 |
5,6 |
7.0 |
14.0 |
23.0 |
|
3. |
60 |
60 |
2 |
5,6 |
11.2 |
14.0 |
28.0 |
42.0 |
|
4. |
60 |
40 |
1 |
4.2 |
8.4 |
19.5 |
21.0 |
33.5 |
|
5. |
60 |
30 |
1 |
5.5 |
11.0 |
14.0 |
28.0 |
42.0 |
|
6. |
70 |
70 |
2 |
4.6 |
8.0 |
10.2 |
20.4 |
30.6 |
|
7. |
70 |
60 |
2 |
4.8 |
9.6 |
12.0 |
24.0 |
36.0 |
|
8. |
70 |
40 |
1 |
3.6 |
7.2 |
9.0 |
18.0 |
27.0 |
|
9. |
70 |
30 |
1 |
4.8 |
9.5 |
12.0 |
24.0 |
36.0 |
When placed in this way, the yield of potatoes increases by 1.6-2 centners per hectare. Starch increases by 1-2 percent. If potatoes lie in the open for several days, the amount of salin in them increases, reaching 30-40 milligrams per 100 grams of potato. In a normal club, it does not exceed 2-10 milligrams. Salonin is then converted to salonin glucoside, an antiseptic substance [ 4 ]. This is useful for preventing seed potatoes from rotting. But green potatoes are unfit for eating.
Cutting off the apical meristem and lateral meristem, i.e. the tip buds, during the growth of the potato plant leads to a doubling of the yield. Scientific experiments and regular observations have fully proven that, mainly in the soil and weather conditions of Turkmenistan, carrying out the work twice a year leads to a large and dense, dense large number of clubs.
Table 2. Effect of weeding on the yield increase of potato tubers
|
etc |
Types of experiences |
Clover yield (in s/ha) |
Clubs Received (in %) |
||
|
big |
medium |
small |
|||
|
1. |
A shot taken when the clubs are starting to bud |
194.5 |
21.0 |
52.4 |
26.6 |
|
2. |
During development |
78.6 |
6,8 |
38.6 |
54.6 |
Potatoes, by their nature, are not overly demanding on crop rotation. When it is planted many times in the same place, it grows better and gives a high yield, it does not tire the soil. But if potatoes are planted in the same place many times, they are affected by all kinds of diseases and pests and cause great damage. Therefore, you should avoid planting potatoes in the same place as previously planted.
REFERENCES:
Номер журнала Вестник науки №6 (63) том 1
Ссылка для цитирования:
Tajiyev Ay.Yu., Yuldashov B.S., Rasulova Ay. TECHNOLOGY OF GROWING POTATOES IN THE CONDITIONS OF TURKMENISTAN // Вестник науки №6 (63) том 1. С. 1255 - 1259. 2023 г. ISSN 2712-8849 // Электронный ресурс: https://www.вестник-науки.рф/article/8740 (дата обращения: 19.05.2024 г.)
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